History of England, Vol. V.
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History of England, Vol. V.
1623–1625
Samuel
Rawson
Gardiner
This document is in the public domain.
Table of Contents
Note on the Text
Chapter XLIII.
The Journey to Madrid.
The Prince and Buckingham propose to go to Madrid
They impart their project to James
The King dislikes the plan
He finally consents to the journey
The journey across France
Feeling in England
The Prince arrives in Spain
Reception of the news by the Spanish ministers
Interview between Charles and Philip
Olivares attempts to convert the Prince
Bristol asks Charles what his intentions are
The Prince is lodged in the palace
Charles sees the Infanta
Fresh demands of Olivares
Objections of the Nuncio
Olivares asks that a fortified town may be given to the English Catholics
Pastrana’s mission to Rome
Anxiety of Olivares about the Palatinate
Discussion in the Council of State
Continued reluctance of the Infanta
Olivares still hopes for the Prince’s conversion
Attempt to convert Buckingham
The Prince is allowed to meet the Infanta ceremoniously
Discussions at Rome
The dispensation granted conditionally
The Prince takes part in a religious discussion
The Prince’s chaplains sent out
English service prohibited in the Royal Palace
The dispensation arrives at Madrid
Quarrel between Buckingham and Olivares
Charles’s offer refused by the Council of State
Olivares advises that the Infanta shall be detained after the marriage
Fresh offers made by Charles
Chapter XLIV.
The Marriage Contract.
Dismissal of the Prince’s retinue
Conversation between James and Williams
Charles declares his intention of returning to England
He makes further concessions
Unpopularity of the marriage in Spain
The Theologians decide that the Infanta must remain for a year after the marriage
Fresh discussions
Charles attempts to speak to the Infanta
Inojosa’s mission to England
A fleet prepared in England to fetch the Infanta
Preparations for her reception
James engages to confirm the articles
Charles attempts to obtain better terms
He again declares he must leave Spain
But changes his mind and agrees to everything
James hesitates to take the oath to the secret articles
Advice of Williams
The King and the Privy Council resolve to take the oath
The ceremony of swearing to the treaty
Explanation given by the King
Letter attributed to Abbot
Negotiation for the sequestration of Frankenthal
Frederick’s impracticable plans
Battle of Stadtloo
Frederick signs a treaty for the suspension of arms
Dunkirk vessels blockaded in Scotland
Seizure of a ship at Cowes by the Dutch
Destruction of a Dunkirk vessel at Leith
Excuses of the Prince of Orange
Renewal of the scheme for the partition of the Netherlands
Compromise with the Dutch
A Dunkirk vessel under English convoy attacked by the Dutch
And convoyed to Mardike
Chapter XLV.
The Prince’s Return.
Additional articles presented to Charles
Olivares persuades the Infanta to accept the marriage
Signature of the marriage contract at Madrid
Charles hopes to bring the Infanta with him
Buckingham’s conversation with Khevenhüller
His account of the state of the negotiations
His interview with the Infanta
The fleet sent from England to fetch the Infanta
Dispute about the mode in which favours are to be shown to the recusants
The agreement made at Salisbury
James orders his son to return
Charles agrees to be married, and to remain till the spring
He changes his mind
Sir E. Verney’s assault upon a priest
Charles makes up his mind to go home
How far were the Spaniards to blame?
Discussions on the disposal of the Palatinate
The Spanish Council of State supports the policy of Olivares
Scheme proposed by Spain for the settlement of the Palatinate
Bristol’s opinion of the scheme
Production by Olivares of Philip’s letter
Charles prepares to return
He swears to the contract and leaves Madrid
Parting of Philip and Charles
Buckingham quarrels with Olivares
Coolness of Charles’s feelings towards the Infanta
His apprehension that she will become a nun
He arrives at Santander
He sails for England
Bristol’s report of the Infanta
James signs a pardon and dispensation in favour of the Catholics
Their publication delayed
Rejoicings in London at the Prince’s return
Chapter XLVI.
The Breach with Spain.
Charles’s interview with his father
The Spanish plan for the pacification of Germany announced to James
James accepts it and orders the liberation of the priests
Bristol denies that the Infanta means to become a nun
James orders the postponement of the marriage
Charles writes to Bristol and Aston
Frederick’s reply to the Spanish proposal
Philip’s declaration about the Palatinate
Bristol complains of the postponement of the marriage
James’s anxiety
The accident at Blackfriars
Buckingham’s report to the Committee of the Council
James insists upon the postponement of the marriage
Charles remonstrates with Bristol
A fresh answer about the Palatinate given to Bristol
Bristol resolves to proceed with the marriage
Arrival of the Pope’s approbation
A better answer about the Palatinate promised
Postponement of the marriage
Philip summoned to restore the Palatinate
He refuses to arm against the Emperor
James lays the Spanish terms before Frederick
He hesitates what course to pursue
Frederick refuses to accept the terms offered
Parliament summoned and Bristol recalled
Virtual end of James’s reign
Bristol’s character and policy
His presentiment of coming evil
Course of the Thirty Years’ War
Protestantism on the defensive
Position of Charles
Prospect before the country
Chapter XLVII.
The Dissolution of the Spanish Treaties.
The return from Madrid
Warlike designs of Charles and Buckingham
Diplomatic preparations
A French marriage talked of
Spanish offers
The Commissioners for Spanish affairs consulted
They ask for further information
Opposition to Buckingham in the Commission
Charles eager for war
Della Rota’s negotiation
The question of breaking the Spanish treaties referred to Parliament
Death of Lennox
The King’s speech at the opening of Parliament
Buckingham’s narrative
Sir John Eliot
His speech on freedom of debate
The Spanish ambassadors complain of Buckingham
The Lords condemn the treaties
Rudyerd’s declaration of policy
Feeling of the Commons about Spain and Germany
Buckingham expostulates with the King on his reception of the petition of the Commons
Difference between the King and the Commons about the mode of carrying on the war
James’s conversation with Carondelet
The Prince explains away the King’s answer
Address of the Houses and reply by the King
Dissatisfaction of the Commons and Buckingham’s remonstrance
The Prince declares his father to be ready to go to war
Debate on supply
Subsidies voted for four objects
The King declares himself ready to dissolve the treaties
Public rejoicings
Lafuente robbed of his despatches
James informs the Spanish ambassadors that negotiations are at an end
Reception of the Dutch commissioners
Spanish intrigue against Buckingham
Petition against the recusants
Recall of the despatch announcing the dissolution of the treaties
The Spanish intrigue detected by Williams
The Spanish treaties dissolved
Nature of Buckingham’s influence over James
Chapter XLVIII.
Buckingham’s Ascendency.
Kensington’s mission to Paris
He writes hopefully of the French alliance
Doubts of Sir Edward Herbert
French policy with respect to Germany and the Valtelline
Mansfeld’s visit to France
Charles pledges himself not to favour the recusants
James’s conditional engagement with Mansfeld
Nomination of a Council of War
Lafuente brings charges against Buckingham
James promises to make no engagement for the Catholics in the marriage treaty
Inojosa supports Lafuente’s charges against Buckingham
James refuses to listen to him
Middlesex supports the Spanish ambassador
Impeachment of Middlesex
His sentence
Bristol’s return
His confinement
The Monopoly Act
Parliament prorogued
Proceedings against Bristol
He refuses to agree to a compromise
Siege and capture of Ormuz
Buckingham’s claims against the East India Company
Further demands of James
Money extorted from the Company
The massacre of Amboyna
Treaty with the Dutch for sending regiments to the Netherlands
Inojosa leaves England
Ihe Dunkirk ships in the Downs
The programme of the Commons carried out
Embassies to Denmark and Sweden
Wake’s mission to Venice and Savoy
Carlisle sent to Paris to negotiate a marriage treaty
Chapter XLIX.
The French Marriage Treaty.
Carlisle and Herbert on the French alliance
The French demand terms for the English Catholics
La Vieuville’s diplomacy
French preparations for war
Effiat in England
La Vieuville’s disgrace
Richelieu demands an article for the English Catholics
James and Charles refuse to assent
Buckingham’s intervention
Richelieu draws up an article
Difference of opinion between Carlisle and Kensington
Louis promises to support Mansfeld
Buckingham gained over by Effiat
James persuaded to put the article in the form of a letter
Favour shown to the Catholics
Further prorogation of Parliament
Refusal of the Council of War to supply Mansfeld
Richelieu’s views about the Valtelline and the Palatinate
Negotiations between England and France about the support of Mansfeld
The French refuse to commit themselves in writing.
Charles urges the acceptance of the French terms
James agrees to sign a secret engagement to favour the English Catholics
Signature of the marriage treaty
Difficulty of finding money for Mansfeld
The chances against him
Weakness of James’s foreign policy
Frankenthal demanded from the Infanta
Verbal promise of Louis XIII. that Mansfeld shall be allowed to land in France
The siege of Breda
The French wish to employ Mansfeld for the relief of Breda
The marriage treaty sworn to at Cambridge
The Recusancy laws suspended
Value of Richelieu’s success
Chapter L.
The Last Days of James I.
Proposal that Mansfeld shall pass through Flanders
Misunderstanding between Buckingham and the French
Wretched condition of Mansfeld’s troops at Dover
The French propose to send them to the Netherlands
Buckingham’s dissatisfaction
Mansfeld forbidden to land in France
He is allowed to go to the Netherlands, but forbidden to relieve Breda
He arrives at Flushing
Mortality amongst the troops
James repeats his refusal to allow their employment at Breda
The army wastes away
Christian IV. and the North German bishoprics
Anstruther’s negotiation in Germany and Denmark
Character and plans of Gustavus Adolphus
Negotiations between Brandenburg and Sweden
Conditions on which Gustavus will undertake war in Germany
James shrinks from the expense
Conditions laid down by Christian IV.
Difference between the plans of Gustavus and those of James
Gustavus relinquishes the German war
Proposed attack by an English fleet upon Genoa
Plan for sending a fleet against Spain
Condition of the French Huguenots
They rise against Louis
Aid promised to Louis by England and the Netherlands
Richelieu urges the Pope to grant a dispensation for the marriage
Final arrangements for the marriage
Strong position of Buckingham at Court
Morton becomes Secretary and Ley Lord Treasurer
Buckingham becomes Warden of the Cinque Ports
Advice of Williams to him
Illness of the King
Lady Buckingham offers him remedies
Death of James I.
Chapter LI.
Military and Diplomatic Projects of the New Reign.
Character of Charles I.
He assumes the government
His anxiety to meet Parliament
Good order kept at Court
Mansfeld is allowed to assist the Dutch
Equipment of the fleet
Death of the Prince of Orange
Plan of a campaign in Flanders
The King’s marriage celebrated by proxy
Buckingham is appointed to fetch the Queen
Carlisle warns the King not to expect much from France
Buckingham prepares to go to France
Agreement to lend English vessels to France
Change in the treatment of the English Catholics
Buckingham in Paris
His main demands refused
He makes love to Anne of Austria
Henrietta Maria in England
First domestic difficulties
Morton’s mission to the Netherlands
Surrender of Breda — wretched state of Mansfeld’s army
Military and diplomatic failure of Buckingham
Chapter LII.
The First Parliament of Charles I. at Westminster.
Opening of Parliament
The King’s speech
Feeling against the Catholics
Proposal for an adjournment made and rejected
Petition on the Recusancy laws moved by Seymour
Eliot’s speech on religion
Recusancy petition sent up to the Lords
Motion of Seymour for a small supply
Vote of two subsidies
Charles reluctantly accepts the vote
Wentworth’s election questioned
Contrast between Eliot and Wentworth
Richard Montague
His
New Gag for an Old Goose
Abbot’s interference
Appello Cæsarem
English Calvinism
Reaction against Calvinism
Report of the Commons’ Committee on Montague’s books
The Commons order the committal of Montague
Laud’s O. and P. list
Tonnage and Poundage Bill
Charles determines to ask for more money
Eliot’s interview with Buckingham
Further supply asked for
The demand not accepted by the Commons
The Houses adjourn to Oxford
Chapter LIII.
Pennington’s Fleet.
Charles’s domestic troubles
His treatment of the English Catholics
Concessions to the French ambassadors
The ships under Pennington lent to the King of France
Charles’s double-dealing
Pennington at Dieppe
His return to England
Negotiations between Louis XIII. and the Huguenots
Pennington’s orders
Mission of Edward Nicholas
Resistance of the crews
Secret instructions to Nicholas and Pennington
Pennington returns to Dieppe
Nicholas prepares a mutiny
Mutiny in Pennington’s ship
Progress of the negotiation with the Huguenots
Peace agreed upon in France
The ships surrendered to the French
Condition of the English Catholics
The Houses reassemble at Oxford
Chapter LIV.
The First Parliament of Charles I. at Oxford.
The Commons complain of favours shown to the Catholics
Buckingham resolves to throw over the Catholics
Montague’s case again
Question of the responsibility of the King’s ministers
Report of the Bishops on Montague’s books
Who was to decide on Church questions
The King in Christchurch Hall
Financial statement by Conway and Sir J. Coke
Debate on the King’s demands
Seymour attacks the foreign policy of the Crown
May’s reply
Phelips asks for a change of counsellors
Heath’s defence of the Government
Alford’s reply
Attempted compromise with Buckingham
Rich’s five propositions
Buckingham urged to accept the compromise
Buckingham resolves not to give way
Declares that the engagement with France about the Catholics had never been taken seriously
Defends his policy before the two Houses
Unsatisfactory nature of his defence
Protests of the French
Charles demands an immediate grant of supply
Phelips puts the question of confidence
Mansell appealed to
Wentworth’s view of the case
Mansell’s testimony unfavourable to Buckingham
Buckingham attacked by name
A dissolution resolved on
Heath’s reply to Mansell
Protestation of the Commons
Dissolution of Parliament
Leadership of Phelips characterised
Attitude of the King
Conflict between the Crown and the House of Commons begun